Projected Areas and Solid Angles

When an area or a solid angle is looked at from a point other than the centre of the virtual sphere surrounding the light source or the object, not the actual area or angle becomes important but their projection.

The projection of a solid angle

The projected area depends on the angle of the surface normal and the view direction:

Ap=A cos(gamma)

Technically, a solid angle in itself is just the projection of an area onto a point.